CONTENTS
VOLUME II. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND REPRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. The Anatomy of Citrus
Henry Schneider
[Introduction]
The Shoot
The Stem
The Leaf
The Root
The Flower
The Fruit
The Juice Sacs (Vesicles)
The Seed
The Pericarp
The Septa and Central Axis
The Peduncle, Receptacle, Sepals, and Floral Disc
The Seedling
The Bud Union
General Anatomical Considerations
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
CHAPTER 2. The General Physiology of Citrus
Louis C. Erickson
[Introduction]
Leaves
Leaf Area
Abscission
Stomata and Transpiration
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Leaf Composition
Fruit Development and Physiology
Flowering and Setting
Fruit Growth
Fruit Composition
Photosynthesis
Maturation
Physiological Disorders of Fruit
Splitting
Granulation
Endoxerosis
Creasing
Literature Cited
CHAPTER 3. The Mineral Nutrition of Citrus
Homer D. Chapman
[Introduction]
The Mineral Composition of Citrus
Aluminum (Al)
Arsenic (As)
Boron (B)
Calcium (CA)
Copper (Cu)
Fluorine (F)
Iron (Fe)
Lithium (L)
Magnesium (Mg)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Zinc (Zn)
Salinity and Alkali
Soil Reaction: Acidity, Alkalinity, pH
Oxygen Requirements and Soil Aeration
Literature Cited
CHAPTER 4. Seed Reproduction: Development of Gametes and Embryos
Howard B. Frost and Robert K. Soost
[Introduction]
Development of Embryo Sac and Female Gamete
Carpels and Placenta
Ovules
Archesporium and Embryo-Sac Mother Cells
Meiosis and Megaspores
Embryo Sac and Egg Cell
Development of Pollen and Male Gametes
Development and Opening of the Anther
Archesporium and Pollen Mother Cells
Meiosis and Microspores in Diploids
Meiosis in Polyploids
Meiosis in Tetraploid Forms
Meiosis in Triploid Hybrids
Aneuploids
Pollen Grain and SpermCells (Male Gametes)
Pollination and Fecundation
Selfing and Crossing
Agencies of Pollination
Relation of Pollination to Setting of Fruit
Parthenocarpy (Seedless Fruits)
Pollination and Fruit Yields
Pollination and Fruit Size
Pollen Tube
Fecundation
Development of Embryo and Endosperm
The Gametic Embryo
Nucellar Embryos
Endosperm
Embryo Culture
Polyembryony
Multiple Zygotic Embryos
Nucellar Embryony
Interrelations of the Two Classes of Embryos
Numbers of Embryos and Seedlings
The Seed
Embryos
Seed Coats
Seed Color
Size and Shape of Seeds
Germination
Identification of Seedling Type (Nucellar versus Zygotic)
Sterility
Degree of Seediness in Cultivated Varieties
Kinds of Generative Sterility
Embryo Abortion
Relation of Nucellar Embryony to Sterility
Sterility of Diploid First-generation Hybrids
The Horticultural Importance of Sterility
Cytological Methods for Citrus
Literature Cited
CHAPTER 5. Genetics, Breeding, and Nucellar Embryony
James W. Cameron and Howard B. Frost
[Introduction]
General Aspects of Citrus Variation
Variation due to age
General Biological Considerations
Changes Associated with Age in Citrus
The Question of Clonal Senescence
Nucellar Embryony and Citrus Variety Improvement
Genetic Variation
General Principles
Genes and Chromosomes
Hybridization, Hybrid Vigor, and Inbreeding
Nucellar Embryony and Heterozygosis in Citrus Evolution
Inherited Characters in Citrus
Mutation
Chimeras
Polyploidy
Citrus Breeding
Problems and Needs in Citrus Breeding
Breeding Procedures in Citrus
History and Progress of Citrus Breeding
Literature Cited
CHAPTER 6. Plant-Growth Regulators
C. W. Coggins, Jr., and H. Z. Hield
[Introduction]
Fruit Abscission
Fruit Size
Improving Fruit Set
Biennial Bearing and Thinning
Fruit Maturity
Fruit Storage
Flowering
Vegetative Effects
Residues of Plant Growth Substances
Literature Cited